Later she relearned by using her sight (watching her feet) and vestibulum (or inner ear) only. At first she was not able to move properly at all. Oliver Sacks once reported the case of a young woman who lost her proprioception due to a viral infection of her spinal cord. Several studies have shown that the efficacy of these types of training are challenged by closing the eyes, because the eyes give invaluable feedback to establishing the moment to moment information of balance. Gurdjieff, involves a substantial amount of proprioceptive exercises which are said to assist in spiritual development. A large part of what is called the Fourth Way, developed by G. Standing on one leg (stork standing) and various other body position challenges are also used, in such disciplines as Yoga.
Standing on a wobble board is often used to retrain or increase proprioception abilities, particularly as physical therapy for ankle or knee injuries. Juggling trains reaction time and spatial location and efficient movement. The Alexander Technique uses the study of movement to directly enhance kinesthetic judgment of effort and location. The proprioceptive sense can be sharpened through study of many disciplines. Without the appropriate integration of proprioceptive input, an artist would not be able to brush paint onto a canvas without looking at the hand as it moved the brush over the canvas it would be impossible to drive an automobile because a motorist would not be able to steer or use the foot pedals while looking at the road ahead we could not touch type or perform ballet and you would not even be able to walk without literally "watching where you put your feet". During the learning of any new skill, sport, or art, it is usually necessary to become familiar with some proprioceptive concerns specific to that activity. Proprioception is what allows someone to learn to walk in complete darkness without losing balance. People suffering from impaired proprioception (a symptom of moderate to severe alcohol poisoning) fail this test due to difficulty locating their limbs in space relative to their noses. People with normal proprioception may make an error of no more than 2 cm. Proprioception is tested by American police officers using the field sobriety test where the subject is required to touch his nose with his eyes closed. There are specific nerve receptors called inteocepters for this form of perception, just like there are specific receptors for pressure, light/dark, temperature, sound, and other sensory experiences. The proprioceptive sense is believed to be composed of information from sensory neurons located in the inner ear (motion and orientation) and in the stretch receptors of joints and muscles (stance). The ability to effortlessly swing a golf club, or catch a baseball requires a finely tuned sense of the position of the joints, so that the eyes can concentrate on the ball and let the kinesthetic sense handle moving the body as needed to meet the ball.
Kinesthesia is a key component in muscle memory and hand-eye coordination, and training can improve this sense.
The infected person would be able to walk, but only by using the person's sense of sight to maintain balance the person would be unable to walk with his/her eyes closed. This would impact the proprioceptive sense, but not the kinesthetic sense.
An inner ear infection, for example, might impact the sense of balance. Some users differentiate the kinesthetic sense from proprioception by excluding the sense of equilibrium or balance from kinesthesia. Kinesthesia is another term that is often used interchangeably with proprioception. It is the sense that indicates whether your body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other. Unlike the six exteroception human senses of sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing, and balance, that advise us of the outside world, proprioception is a sense that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. Proprioception (from Latin proprius, meaning "one's own" and perception) is the sense of the position of parts of the body, relative to other neighbouring parts of the body.
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